Web Design Reviewer

---
name: web-design-reviewer
description: 'This skill enables visual inspection of websites running locally or remotely to identify and fix design issues. Triggers on requests like "review website design", "check the UI", "fix the layout", "find design problems". Detects issues with responsive design, accessibility, visual consistency, and layout breakage, then performs fixes at the source code level.'
---

# Web Design Reviewer

This skill enables visual inspection and validation of website design quality, identifying and fixing issues at the source code level.

## Scope of Application

- Static sites (HTML/CSS/JS)
- SPA frameworks such as React / Vue / Angular / Svelte
- Full-stack frameworks such as Next.js / Nuxt / SvelteKit
- CMS platforms such as WordPress / Drupal
- Any other web application

## Prerequisites

### Required

1. **Target website must be running**
   - Local development server (e.g., `http://localhost:3000`)
   - Staging environment
   - Production environment (for read-only reviews)

2. **Browser automation must be available**
   - Screenshot capture
   - Page navigation
   - DOM information retrieval

3. **Access to source code (when making fixes)**
   - Project must exist within the workspace

## Workflow Overview

```mermaid
flowchart TD
    A[Step 1: Information Gathering] --> B[Step 2: Visual Inspection]
    B --> C[Step 3: Issue Fixing]
    C --> D[Step 4: Re-verification]
    D --> E{Issues Remaining?}
    E -->|Yes| B
    E -->|No| F[Completion Report]
```

---

## Step 1: Information Gathering Phase

### 1.1 URL Confirmation

If the URL is not provided, ask the user:

> Please provide the URL of the website to review (e.g., `http://localhost:3000`)

### 1.2 Understanding Project Structure

When making fixes, gather the following information:

| Item | Example Question |
|------|------------------|
| Framework | Are you using React / Vue / Next.js, etc.? |
| Styling Method | CSS / SCSS / Tailwind / CSS-in-JS, etc. |
| Source Location | Where are style files and components located? |
| Review Scope | Specific pages only or entire site? |

### 1.3 Automatic Project Detection

Attempt automatic detection from files in the workspace:

```
Detection targets:
├── package.json     → Framework and dependencies
├── tsconfig.json    → TypeScript usage
├── tailwind.config  → Tailwind CSS
├── next.config      → Next.js
├── vite.config      → Vite
├── nuxt.config      → Nuxt
└── src/ or app/     → Source directory
```

### 1.4 Identifying Styling Method

| Method | Detection | Edit Target |
|--------|-----------|-------------|
| Pure CSS | `*.css` files | Global CSS or component CSS |
| SCSS/Sass | `*.scss`, `*.sass` | SCSS files |
| CSS Modules | `*.module.css` | Module CSS files |
| Tailwind CSS | `tailwind.config.*` | className in components |
| styled-components | `styled.` in code | JS/TS files |
| Emotion | `@emotion/` imports | JS/TS files |
| CSS-in-JS (other) | Inline styles | JS/TS files |

---

## Step 2: Visual Inspection Phase

### 2.1 Page Traversal

1. Navigate to the specified URL
2. Capture screenshots
3. Retrieve DOM structure/snapshot (if possible)
4. If additional pages exist, traverse through navigation

### 2.2 Inspection Items

#### Layout Issues

| Issue | Description | Severity |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Element Overflow | Content overflows from parent element or viewport | High |
| Element Overlap | Unintended overlapping of elements | High |
| Alignment Issues | Grid or flex alignment problems | Medium |
| Inconsistent Spacing | Padding/margin inconsistencies | Medium |
| Text Clipping | Long text not handled properly | Medium |

#### Responsive Issues

| Issue | Description | Severity |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Non-mobile Friendly | Layout breaks on small screens | High |
| Breakpoint Issues | Unnatural transitions when screen size changes | Medium |
| Touch Targets | Buttons too small on mobile | Medium |

#### Accessibility Issues

| Issue | Description | Severity |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Insufficient Contrast | Low contrast ratio between text and background | High |
| No Focus State | Cannot determine state during keyboard navigation | High |
| Missing alt Text | No alternative text for images | Medium |

#### Visual Consistency

| Issue | Description | Severity |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Font Inconsistency | Mixed font families | Medium |
| Color Inconsistency | Non-unified brand colors | Medium |
| Spacing Inconsistency | Non-uniform spacing between similar elements | Low |

### 2.3 Viewport Testing (Responsive)

Test at the following viewports:

| Name | Width | Representative Device |
|------|-------|----------------------|
| Mobile | 375px | iPhone SE/12 mini |
| Tablet | 768px | iPad |
| Desktop | 1280px | Standard PC |
| Wide | 1920px | Large display |

---

## Step 3: Issue Fixing Phase

### 3.1 Issue Prioritization

```mermaid
block-beta
    columns 1
    block:priority["Priority Matrix"]
        P1["P1: Fix Immediately\n(Layout issues affecting functionality)"]
        P2["P2: Fix Next\n(Visual issues degrading UX)"]
        P3["P3: Fix If Possible\n(Minor visual inconsistencies)"]
    end
```

### 3.2 Identifying Source Files

Identify source files from problematic elements:

1. **Selector-based Search**
   - Search codebase by class name or ID
   - Explore style definitions with `grep_search`

2. **Component-based Search**
   - Identify components from element text or structure
   - Explore related files with `semantic_search`

3. **File Pattern Filtering**
   ```
   Style files: src/**/*.css, styles/**/*
   Components: src/components/**/*
   Pages: src/pages/**, app/**
   ```

### 3.3 Applying Fixes

#### Framework-specific Fix Guidelines

See [references/framework-fixes.md](references/framework-fixes.md) for details.

#### Fix Principles

1. **Minimal Changes**: Only make the minimum changes necessary to resolve the issue
2. **Respect Existing Patterns**: Follow existing code style in the project
3. **Avoid Breaking Changes**: Be careful not to affect other areas
4. **Add Comments**: Add comments to explain the reason for fixes where appropriate

---

## Step 4: Re-verification Phase

### 4.1 Post-fix Confirmation

1. Reload browser (or wait for development server HMR)
2. Capture screenshots of fixed areas
3. Compare before and after

### 4.2 Regression Testing

- Verify that fixes haven't affected other areas
- Confirm responsive display is not broken

### 4.3 Iteration Decision

```mermaid
flowchart TD
    A{Issues Remaining?}
    A -->|Yes| B[Return to Step 2]
    A -->|No| C[Proceed to Completion Report]
```

**Iteration Limit**: If more than 3 fix attempts are needed for a specific issue, consult the user

---

## Output Format

### Review Results Report

```markdown
# Web Design Review Results

## Summary

| Item | Value |
|------|-------|
| Target URL | {URL} |
| Framework | {Detected framework} |
| Styling | {CSS / Tailwind / etc.} |
| Tested Viewports | Desktop, Mobile |
| Issues Detected | {N} |
| Issues Fixed | {M} |

## Detected Issues

### [P1] {Issue Title}

- **Page**: {Page path}
- **Element**: {Selector or description}
- **Issue**: {Detailed description of the issue}
- **Fixed File**: `{File path}`
- **Fix Details**: {Description of changes}
- **Screenshot**: Before/After

### [P2] {Issue Title}
...

## Unfixed Issues (if any)

### {Issue Title}
- **Reason**: {Why it was not fixed/could not be fixed}
- **Recommended Action**: {Recommendations for user}

## Recommendations

- {Suggestions for future improvements}
```

---

## Required Capabilities

| Capability | Description | Required |
|------------|-------------|----------|
| Web Page Navigation | Access URLs, page transitions | ✅ |
| Screenshot Capture | Page image capture | ✅ |
| Image Analysis | Visual issue detection | ✅ |
| DOM Retrieval | Page structure retrieval | Recommended |
| File Read/Write | Source code reading and editing | Required for fixes |
| Code Search | Code search within project | Required for fixes |

---

## Reference Implementation

### Implementation with Playwright MCP

[Playwright MCP](https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-mcp) is recommended as the reference implementation for this skill.

| Capability | Playwright MCP Tool | Purpose |
|------------|---------------------|---------|
| Navigation | `browser_navigate` | Access URLs |
| Snapshot | `browser_snapshot` | Retrieve DOM structure |
| Screenshot | `browser_take_screenshot` | Images for visual inspection |
| Click | `browser_click` | Interact with interactive elements |
| Resize | `browser_resize` | Responsive testing |
| Console | `browser_console_messages` | Detect JS errors |

#### Configuration Example (MCP Server)

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "playwright": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@playwright/mcp@latest", "--caps=vision"]
    }
  }
}
```

### Other Compatible Browser Automation Tools

| Tool | Features |
|------|----------|
| Selenium | Broad browser support, multi-language support |
| Puppeteer | Chrome/Chromium focused, Node.js |
| Cypress | Easy integration with E2E testing |
| WebDriver BiDi | Standardized next-generation protocol |

The same workflow can be implemented with these tools. As long as they provide the necessary capabilities (navigation, screenshot, DOM retrieval), the choice of tool is flexible.

---

## Best Practices

### DO (Recommended)

- ✅ Always save screenshots before making fixes
- ✅ Fix one issue at a time and verify each
- ✅ Follow the project's existing code style
- ✅ Confirm with user before major changes
- ✅ Document fix details thoroughly

### DON'T (Not Recommended)

- ❌ Large-scale refactoring without confirmation
- ❌ Ignoring design systems or brand guidelines
- ❌ Fixes that ignore performance
- ❌ Fixing multiple issues at once (difficult to verify)

---

## Troubleshooting

### Problem: Style files not found

1. Check dependencies in `package.json`
2. Consider the possibility of CSS-in-JS
3. Consider CSS generated at build time
4. Ask user about styling method

### Problem: Fixes not reflected

1. Check if development server HMR is working
2. Clear browser cache
3. Rebuild if project requires build
4. Check CSS specificity issues

### Problem: Fixes affecting other areas

1. Rollback changes
2. Use more specific selectors
3. Consider using CSS Modules or scoped styles
4. Consult user to confirm impact scope

# Framework-specific Fix Guide

This document explains specific fix techniques for each framework and styling method.

---

## Pure CSS / SCSS

### Fixing Layout Overflow

```css
/* Before: Overflow occurs */
.container {
  width: 100%;
}

/* After: Control overflow */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}
```

### Text Clipping Prevention

```css
/* Single line truncation */
.text-truncate {
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Multi-line truncation */
.text-clamp {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Word wrapping */
.text-wrap {
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  hyphens: auto;
}
```

### Spacing Unification

```css
/* Unify spacing with CSS custom properties */
:root {
  --spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
  --spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
  --spacing-md: 1rem;
  --spacing-lg: 1.5rem;
  --spacing-xl: 2rem;
}

.card {
  padding: var(--spacing-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}
```

### Improving Contrast

```css
/* Before: Insufficient contrast */
.text {
  color: #999999;
  background-color: #ffffff;
}

/* After: Meets WCAG AA standards */
.text {
  color: #595959; /* Contrast ratio 7:1 */
  background-color: #ffffff;
}
```

---

## Tailwind CSS

### Layout Fixes

```jsx
{/* Before: Overflow */}
<div className="w-full">
  <img src="..." />
</div>

{/* After: Overflow control */}
<div className="w-full max-w-full overflow-hidden">
  <img src="..." className="w-full h-auto object-contain" />
</div>
```

### Text Clipping Prevention

```jsx
{/* Single line truncation */}
<p className="truncate">Long text...</p>

{/* Multi-line truncation */}
<p className="line-clamp-3">Long text...</p>

{/* Allow wrapping */}
<p className="break-words">Long text...</p>
```

### Responsive Support

```jsx
{/* Mobile-first responsive */}
<div className="
  flex flex-col gap-4
  md:flex-row md:gap-6
  lg:gap-8
">
  <div className="w-full md:w-1/2 lg:w-1/3">
    Content
  </div>
</div>
```

### Spacing Unification (Tailwind Config)

```javascript
// tailwind.config.js
module.exports = {
  theme: {
    extend: {
      spacing: {
        '18': '4.5rem',
        '22': '5.5rem',
      },
    },
  },
}
```

### Accessibility Improvements

```jsx
{/* Add focus state */}
<button className="
  bg-blue-500 text-white
  hover:bg-blue-600
  focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:ring-offset-2
">
  Button
</button>

{/* Improve contrast */}
<p className="text-gray-700 bg-white"> {/* Changed from text-gray-500 */}
  Readable text
</p>
```

---

## React + CSS Modules

### Fixes in Module Scope

```css
/* Component.module.css */

/* Before */
.container {
  display: flex;
}

/* After: Add overflow control */
.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  max-width: 100%;
}
```

### Component-side Fixes

```jsx
// Component.jsx
import styles from './Component.module.css';

// Before
<div className={styles.container}>

// After: Add conditional class
<div className={`${styles.container} ${isOverflow ? styles.overflow : ''}`}>
```

---

## styled-components / Emotion

### Style Fixes

```jsx
// Before
const Container = styled.div`
  width: 100%;
`;

// After
const Container = styled.div`
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  
  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
`;
```

### Responsive Support

```jsx
const Card = styled.div`
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  
  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
  
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
`;
```

### Consistency with Theme

```jsx
// theme.js
export const theme = {
  colors: {
    primary: '#2563eb',
    text: '#1f2937',
    textLight: '#4b5563', // Improved contrast
  },
  spacing: {
    sm: '0.5rem',
    md: '1rem',
    lg: '1.5rem',
  },
};

// Usage
const Text = styled.p`
  color: ${({ theme }) => theme.colors.text};
  margin-bottom: ${({ theme }) => theme.spacing.md};
`;
```

---

## Vue (Scoped Styles)

### Fixing Scoped Styles

```vue
<template>
  <div class="container">
    <p class="text">Content</p>
  </div>
</template>

<style scoped>
/* Applied only to this component */
.container {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.text {
  /* Fix: Improve contrast */
  color: #374151; /* Was: #9ca3af */
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
}
</style>
```

### Deep Selectors (Affecting Child Components)

```vue
<style scoped>
/* Override child component styles (use cautiously) */
:deep(.child-class) {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
</style>
```

---

## Next.js / App Router

### Global Style Fixes

```css
/* app/globals.css */
:root {
  --foreground: #171717;
  --background: #ffffff;
}

/* Prevent layout overflow */
html, body {
  max-width: 100vw;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* Prevent image overflow */
img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
```

### Fixes in Layout Components

```tsx
// app/layout.tsx
export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <body className="min-h-screen flex flex-col">
        <header className="sticky top-0 z-50">
          {/* Header */}
        </header>
        <main className="flex-1 container mx-auto px-4 py-8">
          {children}
        </main>
        <footer>
          {/* Footer */}
        </footer>
      </body>
    </html>
  );
}
```

---

## Common Patterns

### Fixing Flexbox Layout Issues

```css
/* Before: Items overflow */
.flex-container {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* After: Wrap and size control */
.flex-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.flex-item {
  flex: 1 1 300px; /* grow, shrink, basis */
  min-width: 0; /* Prevent flexbox overflow issues */
}
```

### Fixing Grid Layout Issues

```css
/* Before: Fixed column count */
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

/* After: Auto-adjust */
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
```

### Organizing z-index

```css
/* Systematize z-index */
:root {
  --z-dropdown: 100;
  --z-sticky: 200;
  --z-modal-backdrop: 300;
  --z-modal: 400;
  --z-tooltip: 500;
}

.modal {
  z-index: var(--z-modal);
}
```

### Adding Focus States

```css
/* Add focus state to all interactive elements */
button:focus-visible,
a:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #2563eb;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Customize focus ring */
.custom-focus:focus-visible {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.5);
}
```

---

## Debugging Techniques

### Visualizing Element Boundaries

```css
/* Use only during development */
* {
  outline: 1px solid red !important;
}
```

### Detecting Overflow

```javascript
// Run in console to detect overflow elements
document.querySelectorAll('*').forEach(el => {
  if (el.scrollWidth > el.clientWidth) {
    console.log('Horizontal overflow:', el);
  }
  if (el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight) {
    console.log('Vertical overflow:', el);
  }
});
```

### Checking Contrast Ratio

```javascript
// Use Chrome DevTools Lighthouse or axe DevTools
// Or check at the following site:
// https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
```

# Visual Inspection Checklist

This document is a comprehensive checklist of items to verify during web design visual inspection.

---

## 1. Layout Verification

### Structural Integrity

- [ ] Header is correctly fixed/positioned at the top of the screen
- [ ] Footer is positioned at the bottom of the screen or end of content
- [ ] Main content area is center-aligned with appropriate width
- [ ] Sidebar (if present) is positioned correctly
- [ ] Navigation is displayed in the intended position

### Overflow

- [ ] Horizontal scrollbar is not unintentionally displayed
- [ ] Content does not overflow from parent elements
- [ ] Images fit within parent containers
- [ ] Tables do not exceed container width
- [ ] Code blocks wrap or scroll appropriately

### Alignment

- [ ] Grid items are evenly distributed
- [ ] Flex item alignment is correct
- [ ] Text alignment (left/center/right) is consistent
- [ ] Icons and text are vertically aligned
- [ ] Form labels and input fields are correctly positioned

---

## 2. Typography Verification

### Readability

- [ ] Body text font size is sufficient (minimum 16px recommended)
- [ ] Line height is appropriate (1.5-1.8 recommended)
- [ ] Characters per line is appropriate (40-80 characters recommended)
- [ ] Spacing between paragraphs is sufficient
- [ ] Heading size hierarchy is clear

### Text Handling

- [ ] Long words wrap appropriately
- [ ] URLs and code are handled properly
- [ ] No text clipping occurs
- [ ] Ellipsis (...) displays correctly
- [ ] Language-specific line breaking rules work correctly

### Fonts

- [ ] Web fonts load correctly
- [ ] Fallback fonts are appropriate
- [ ] Font weights are as intended
- [ ] Special characters and emoji display correctly

---

## 3. Color & Contrast Verification

### Accessibility (WCAG Standards)

- [ ] Body text: Contrast ratio 4.5:1 or higher (AA)
- [ ] Large text (18px+ bold or 24px+): 3:1 or higher
- [ ] Interactive element borders: 3:1 or higher
- [ ] Focus indicators: Sufficient contrast with background

### Color Consistency

- [ ] Brand colors are unified
- [ ] Link colors are consistent
- [ ] Error state red is unified
- [ ] Success state green is unified
- [ ] Hover/active state colors are appropriate

### Color Vision Diversity

- [ ] Information conveyed by shape and text, not just color
- [ ] Charts and diagrams consider color vision diversity
- [ ] Error messages don't rely solely on color

---

## 4. Responsive Verification

### Mobile (~640px)

- [ ] Content fits within screen width
- [ ] Touch targets are 44x44px or larger
- [ ] Text is readable size
- [ ] No horizontal scrolling occurs
- [ ] Navigation is mobile-friendly (hamburger menu, etc.)
- [ ] Form inputs are easy to use

### Tablet (641px~1024px)

- [ ] Layout is optimized for tablet
- [ ] Two-column layouts display appropriately
- [ ] Image sizes are appropriate
- [ ] Sidebar show/hide is appropriate

### Desktop (1025px~)

- [ ] Maximum width is set and doesn't break on extra-large screens
- [ ] Spacing is sufficient
- [ ] Multi-column layouts function correctly
- [ ] Hover states are implemented

### Breakpoint Transitions

- [ ] Layout transitions smoothly when screen size changes
- [ ] Layout doesn't break at intermediate sizes
- [ ] No content disappears or duplicates

---

## 5. Interactive Element Verification

### Buttons

- [ ] Default state is clear
- [ ] Hover state exists (desktop)
- [ ] Focus state is visually clear
- [ ] Active (pressed) state exists
- [ ] Disabled state is distinguishable
- [ ] Loading state (if applicable)

### Links

- [ ] Links are visually identifiable
- [ ] Visited links are distinguishable (if needed)
- [ ] Hover state exists
- [ ] Focus state is clear

### Form Elements

- [ ] Input field boundaries are clear
- [ ] Placeholder text contrast is appropriate
- [ ] Visual feedback on focus
- [ ] Error state display
- [ ] Required field indication
- [ ] Dropdowns function correctly

---

## 6. Images & Media Verification

### Images

- [ ] Images display at appropriate size
- [ ] Aspect ratio is maintained
- [ ] High resolution display support (@2x)
- [ ] Display when image fails to load
- [ ] Lazy loading behavior works

### Video & Embeds

- [ ] Videos fit within containers
- [ ] Aspect ratio is maintained
- [ ] Embedded content is responsive
- [ ] iframes don't overflow

---

## 7. Accessibility Verification

### Keyboard Navigation

- [ ] All interactive elements accessible via Tab key
- [ ] Focus order is logical
- [ ] Focus traps are appropriate (modals, etc.)
- [ ] Skip to content link exists

### Screen Reader Support

- [ ] Images have alt text
- [ ] Forms have labels
- [ ] ARIA labels are appropriately set
- [ ] Heading hierarchy is correct (h1→h2→h3...)

### Motion

- [ ] Animations are not excessive
- [ ] prefers-reduced-motion is supported (if possible)

---

## 8. Performance-related Visual Issues

### Loading

- [ ] Font FOUT/FOIT is minimal
- [ ] No layout shift (CLS) occurs
- [ ] No jumping when images load
- [ ] Skeleton screens are appropriate (if applicable)

### Animation

- [ ] Animations are smooth (60fps)
- [ ] No performance issues when scrolling
- [ ] Transitions are natural

---

## Priority Matrix

| Priority | Category | Examples |
|----------|----------|----------|
| P0 (Critical) | Functionality breaking | Complete element overlap, content disappearance |
| P1 (High) | Serious UX issues | Unreadable text, inoperable buttons |
| P2 (Medium) | Moderate issues | Alignment issues, spacing inconsistencies |
| P3 (Low) | Minor issues | Slight positioning differences, minor color variations |

---

## Verification Tools

### Browser DevTools

- Elements panel: DOM and style inspection
- Lighthouse: Performance and accessibility audits
- Device toolbar: Responsive testing

### Accessibility Tools

- axe DevTools
- WAVE
- Color Contrast Analyzer

### Automation Tools

- Playwright (screenshot comparison)
- Percy / Chromatic (Visual Regression Testing)